May not be tied to geographic locations

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6.2 Premium-Rate Numbers
Premium numbers charge higher rates and are used for services like voting lines, directory assistance, or adult content.

Examples:

0900 (UK)

1-900 (USA)

6.3 Emergency Numbers
These are short, easy-to-remember numbers used for urgent assistance:

911 (USA/Canada)

112 (EU)

999 (UK)

7. Number Portability
Number portability allows users to retain their phone number when switching providers or moving to another location within the same region or country. It supports:

Mobile Number Portability (MNP)

Fixed-line Number Portability

This system enhances competition among providers and provides convenience for users.

8. VoIP and Virtual Numbers
With the rise of the internet, VoIP services india phone number data Skype, Google Voice, and WhatsApp allow users to make calls over the internet using virtual numbers. These numbers may follow E.164 format or use proprietary identifiers.

8.1 Structure Differences

Can be assigned to devices, not people

Often lack trunk prefixes or area codes

Virtual numbers are increasingly used for international business operations and call centers.

9. Regional Variations in Number Structure
Despite standardization, regional differences persist due to historical, technological, and regulatory factors.

9.1 North American Numbering Plan (NANP)
Covers the USA, Canada, and several Caribbean nations. NANP numbers have the format:

+1 NXX-NXX-XXXX
Where:

N is digits 2–9

X is any digit

Example: +1 212 555 1234

9.2 European Numbering Plans
Countries like the UK, Germany, and France use variable-length numbers. For example, in Germany:

Local: 030 123456

International: +49 30 123456

Trunk prefix "0" is dropped in international dialing.

9.3 Asian Numbering Plans
India uses 10-digit mobile numbers starting with 9, 8, or 7. Landline formats vary regionally and often require STD (Subscriber Trunk Dialing) codes.

China uses:

Landline: +86 10 12345678

Mobile: +86 138 1234 5678

10. Formatting Standards (Human-Readable)
To enhance readability, various formatting styles are used:

E.123 (ITU-T): Recommends spacing in groups.

Example: +44 20 7946 0958

RFC 3966 (IETF): URI-style tel links for web.

Example: tel:+442079460958

Phone number validation tools and libraries (like Google’s libphonenumber) often enforce such standards.