How to Properly Cite Other Works

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ropriation of someone else's work (idea, invention, etc.). If the quote is not formatted correctly, in accordance with Article 1301 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, this will be a violation of copyright. In order not to violate anything, you need to make sure that the description of the source contains all the information necessary to identify the cited work:

the author's surname and initials (they must be written correctly; an error in the surname and initials is also a violation of copyright);
year of publication;
place of publication and name of the publisher (for books);
title and issue number (for magazines);
page numbers.
This is the most complete list of information when poland number for whatsapp formatting a citation, but when borrowing thoughts from other authors, not all of the listed data is always indicated. In addition, there are direct and indirect citations. Read more about all the nuances of citation below.


Articles are cited according to GOST R 7.0.5-2008. Depending on the work, different options can be used. The main thing is to choose one type of citation that will be used throughout the work. What options are there:

In-text links. Information about the source is indicated in the text within the sentence.
Beyond-text references. They are given at the end of a sentence in the form of a serial number (from the list of references) and a page number, enclosed in square brackets.
Footnotes. Footnotes are placed outside the text of the document inside the page, under the line at the bottom of the page. The footnote should contain: the initials and surname of the author of the quote, the title of the work, the city and name of the publisher, the year of publication, the page number where the phrase is located. The font of the footnote is always smaller than that of the main content of the page.
If the author's phrase is given in its original verbatim form, and not retold in his own words, then it is enclosed in quotation marks. If the phrase is shortened, then part of the excluded text is replaced with "..." (ellipsis). If there are more quotation marks inside the quote, they should be different from the outer ones. In this case, quotation marks are used.




Paraphrase as an alternative to direct quotation
Direct quotation in the text of the work is not always appropriate. It is believed that the abundance of material enclosed in quotation marks reduces the uniqueness and originality of the article. Direct quotations are used when it is necessary to reproduce someone else's opinion as accurately as possible. In addition, the orig